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Even if the program handles several types of exceptions, some may still slip through. For example, using the same division program, simply try to press Enter at the prompt, without writing anything. You should get a stack trace somewhat like this: Traceback (most recent call last): File 'exceptions.py', line 3, in x = input('Enter the first number: ') File '<string>', line 0 ^ SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing This exception got through the try/except statement and rightly so. You hadn t foreseen that this could happen, and weren t prepared for it. In these cases it is better that the program crash immediately (so you can see what s wrong) than that it simply hide the exception with a try/except statement that isn t meant to catch it. However, if you do want to catch all exceptions in a piece of code, you can simply omit the exception class from the except clause:

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irb(main):001:0> ENV.each {|e| puts e.join(': ') }

TERM_PROGRAM: iTerm.app TERM: vt100 SHELL: /bin/bash USER: peter PATH: /bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/opt/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin PWD: /Users/peter SHLVL: 1 HOME: /Users/peter LOGNAME: peter SECURITYSESSIONID: 51bbd0 _: /usr/bin/irb LINES: 32 COLUMNS: 120

Many organizations create a corporate PowerPoint template in an effort to ensure that every presentation created in the organization has a similar graphical style. Although these templates can ensure a similar look across presentations, if they ignore the three research realities described in this chapter, they also diminish the effectiveness of presentations of all the presenters who use them.

Specifically, these are the results from my machine, and yours will probably be quite different. For example, when I try the same code on a Windows machine, I get results such as these:

ALLUSERSPROFILE: F:\Documents and Settings\All Users APPDATA: F:\Documents and Settings\Peter\Application Data CLIENTNAME: Console HOMEDRIVE: F: HOMEPATH: \Documents and Settings\Peter LOGONSERVER: \\PSHUTTLE NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS: 2 OS: Windows_NT Path: F:\ruby\bin;F:\WINDOWS\system32;F:\WINDOWS PATHEXT: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.RB;.RBW ProgramFiles: F:\Program Files SystemDrive: F: SystemRoot: F:\WINDOWS TEMP: F:\DOCUME~1\Peter\LOCALS~1\Temp TMP: F:\DOCUME~1\Peter\LOCALS~1\Temp USERDOMAIN: PSHUTTLE USERNAME: Peter USERPROFILE: F:\Documents and Settings\Peter windir: F:\WINDOWS

try: x = input('Enter the first number: ') y = input('Enter the second number: ') print x/y except: print 'Something wrong happened...' Now you can do practically whatever you want: Enter the first number: "This" is *completely* illegal 123 Something wrong happened...

In the light of these three research realities, you can see the stark contrast between BBP and the conventional approach to PowerPoint and why BBP gets dramatically better results. Now you can personally connect the dots between this research and the three views of PowerPoint by adopting a new metaphor, the eye of the needle, and by using the BBP approach to guide you through the challenges of creating powerful and effective presentations. Forget the old tricks of PowerPoint, because as you can see in this chapter, when you ignore the research realities, you use an approach that is broken, ineffective, and frustrating for audiences. Instead you can use an approach that xes the problems, is effective, and produces experiences that audiences nd engaging and meaningful. That s because you have now taught an old PowerPoint dog three new tricks, and with these new ideas in mind, you are ready to unlock the power of BBP in your own presentations as you turn now to 3.

You can use these environment variables to decide where to store temporary files, or to find out what sort of features your operating system offers, in real time, much as you did with RUBY_PLATFORM:

tmp_dir = '/tmp' if ENV['OS'] =~ /Windows_NT/ puts "This program is running under Windows NT/2000/XP!" tmp_dir = ENV['TMP'] elsif ENV['PATH'] =~ /\/usr/ puts "This program has access to a UNIX-style file system!" else puts "I cannot figure out what environment I'm running in!" exit end [.. do something here ..]

IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL:

Note You can also set environment variables with ENV['variable_name']

= value, but only do this if you have a valid reason to use them. However, setting environment variables from within a program only applies to the local process and any child processes, meaning that the variables application is extremely limited.

Caution Catching all exceptions like this is risky business because it will hide errors you haven t thought

Although ENV acts like a hash, it s technically a special object, but you can convert it to a true hash using its .to_hash method, as in ENV.to_hash.

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